近期上线项目优化,需要将节点与 master 交互方式从之前的短轮训改进到长连接,同时也需要改进序列化传输方式(之前使用的是序列化 pythoon 对象的 ujosn
),很自然就想到了 grpc。
gRPC 是什么
gRPC
是一种现代化开源的高性能 RPC 框架,能够运行于任意环境之中。最初由谷歌进行开发。它使用 HTTP/2 作为传输协议。
使用 gRPC, 我们可以一次性的在一个 .proto
文件中定义服务并使用任何支持它的语言去实现客户端和服务端,反过来,它们可以应用在各种场景中,从 Google 的服务器到你自己的平板电脑—— gRPC 帮你解决了不同语言及环境间通信的复杂性。使用 protocol buffers
还能获得其他好处,包括高效的序列化,简单的 IDL 以及容易进行接口更新。总之一句话,使用 gRPC 能让我们更容易编写跨语言的分布式代码。
IDL(Interface description language)是指接口描述语言,是用来描述软件组件接口的一种计算机语言,是跨平台开发的基础。IDL 通过一种中立的方式来描述接口,使得在不同平台上运行的对象和用不同语言编写的程序可以相互通信交流;比如,一个组件用 C++ 写成,另一个组件用 Go 写成。
编写 .proto
文件
官方提供的教学场景(导航服务)很适合入门,覆盖了 RPC 的四种模式,创建 route_guide.proto
文件,定义以下消息和服务
syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./protos";
package routeguide;
// Interface exported by the server.
service RouteGuide {
// A simple RPC.
//
// Obtains the feature at a given position.
//
// A feature with an empty name is returned if there's no feature at the given
// position.
rpc GetFeature(Point) returns (Feature) {}
// A server-to-client streaming RPC.
//
// Obtains the Features available within the given Rectangle. Results are
// streamed rather than returned at once (e.g. in a response message with a
// repeated field), as the rectangle may cover a large area and contain a
// huge number of features.
rpc ListFeatures(Rectangle) returns (stream Feature) {}
// A client-to-server streaming RPC.
//
// Accepts a stream of Points on a route being traversed, returning a
// RouteSummary when traversal is completed.
rpc RecordRoute(stream Point) returns (RouteSummary) {}
// A Bidirectional streaming RPC.
//
// Accepts a stream of RouteNotes sent while a route is being traversed,
// while receiving other RouteNotes (e.g. from other users).
rpc RouteChat(stream RouteNote) returns (stream RouteNote) {}
}
// Points are represented as latitude-longitude pairs in the E7 representation
// (degrees multiplied by 10**7 and rounded to the nearest integer).
// Latitudes should be in the range +/- 90 degrees and longitude should be in
// the range +/- 180 degrees (inclusive).
message Point {
int32 latitude = 1;
int32 longitude = 2;
}
// A latitude-longitude rectangle, represented as two diagonally opposite
// points "lo" and "hi".
message Rectangle {
// One corner of the rectangle.
Point lo = 1;
// The other corner of the rectangle.
Point hi = 2;
}
// A feature names something at a given point.
//
// If a feature could not be named, the name is empty.
message Feature {
// The name of the feature.
string name = 1;
// The point where the feature is detected.
Point location = 2;
}
// A RouteNote is a message sent while at a given point.
message RouteNote {
// The location from which the message is sent.
Point location = 1;
// The message to be sent.
string message = 2;
}
// A RouteSummary is received in response to a RecordRoute rpc.
//
// It contains the number of individual points received, the number of
// detected features, and the total distance covered as the cumulative sum of
// the distance between each point.
message RouteSummary {
// The number of points received.
int32 point_count = 1;
// The number of known features passed while traversing the route.
int32 feature_count = 2;
// The distance covered in metres.
int32 distance = 3;
// The duration of the traversal in seconds.
int32 elapsed_time = 4;
}
普通、一元 RPC
普通 rpc,客户端向服务器发送一个请求,然后得到一个响应,就像普通的函数调用一样。
.proto
文件中的 GetFeature
,发送一个坐标,返回坐标的地理名称。
服务端流式 RPC
其中客户端向服务器发送请求,并获得一个流来读取一系列消息。客户端从返回的流中读取,直到没有更多的消息。gRPC 保证在单个 RPC 调用中的消息是有序的。
.proto
文件中的 ListFeatures
,发送一个高低坐标构成一片区域,流式返回区域内的地理名称。
客户端流式 RPC
其中客户端写入一系列消息并将其发送到服务器,同样使用提供的流。一旦客户端完成了消息的写入,它就等待服务器读取消息并返回响应。同样,gRPC 保证在单个 RPC 调用中对消息进行排序。
.proto
文件中的 RecordRoute
,客户端流式发送坐标点,服务端返回坐标点的总数信息。
双向流式 RPC
其中双方使用读写流发送一系列消息。这两个流独立运行,因此客户端和服务器可以按照自己喜欢的顺序读写: 例如,服务器可以等待接收所有客户端消息后再写响应,或者可以交替读取消息然后写入消息,或者其他读写组合。每个流中的消息是有序的。
.proto
文件中的 RouteChat
,客户端流式发送坐标点,服务端流式返回之前经历过的坐标点。
Python
安装 gRPC
$ python -m pip install grpcio
安装 gRPC tools
gRPC tools 包含了 protocol buffer 的编译器,生成 python 文件可以直接使用 gRPC tools。不用运行 protoc
,指定 python-out 参数等,方便了很多
$ python -m pip install grpcio-tools
生成 gRPC 代码
cd 到存放 .ptoto
文件的目录,运行以下命令
$ python -m grpc_tools.protoc -I. --python_out=. --grpc_python_out=. route_guide.proto
会发现生成了两个 py 文件
oute_guide_pb2.py
包含了之前在 proto 文件中定义的消息
route_guide_pb2_grpc.py
包含了客户端会使用到的
RouteGuideStub
和服务端使用到的RouteGuideServicer
,add_RouteGuideServicer_to_server
server
"""The Python implementation of the gRPC route guide server."""
from concurrent import futures
import logging
import math
import time
import grpc
import route_guide_pb2
import route_guide_pb2_grpc
import route_guide_resources
def get_feature(feature_db, point):
"""Returns Feature at given location or None."""
for feature in feature_db:
if feature.location == point:
return feature
return None
def get_distance(start, end):
"""Distance between two points."""
coord_factor = 10000000.0
lat_1 = start.latitude / coord_factor
lat_2 = end.latitude / coord_factor
lon_1 = start.longitude / coord_factor
lon_2 = end.longitude / coord_factor
lat_rad_1 = math.radians(lat_1)
lat_rad_2 = math.radians(lat_2)
delta_lat_rad = math.radians(lat_2 - lat_1)
delta_lon_rad = math.radians(lon_2 - lon_1)
# Formula is based on http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/51879.html
a = (pow(math.sin(delta_lat_rad / 2), 2) +
(math.cos(lat_rad_1) * math.cos(lat_rad_2) *
pow(math.sin(delta_lon_rad / 2), 2)))
c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
R = 6371000
# metres
return R * c
class RouteGuideServicer(route_guide_pb2_grpc.RouteGuideServicer):
"""Provides methods that implement functionality of route guide server."""
def __init__(self):
self.db = route_guide_resources.read_route_guide_database()
def GetFeature(self, request, context):
feature = get_feature(self.db, request)
if feature is None:
return route_guide_pb2.Feature(name="", location=request)
else:
return feature
def ListFeatures(self, request, context):
left = min(request.lo.longitude, request.hi.longitude)
right = max(request.lo.longitude, request.hi.longitude)
top = max(request.lo.latitude, request.hi.latitude)
bottom = min(request.lo.latitude, request.hi.latitude)
for feature in self.db:
if (feature.location.longitude>= left and
feature.location.longitude <= right and
feature.location.latitude >= bottom and
feature.location.latitude <= top):
yield feature
def RecordRoute(self, request_iterator, context):
point_count = 0
feature_count = 0
distance = 0.0
prev_point = None
start_time = time.time()
for point in request_iterator:
point_count += 1
if get_feature(self.db, point):
feature_count += 1
if prev_point:
distance += get_distance(prev_point, point)
prev_point = point
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
return route_guide_pb2.RouteSummary(point_count=point_count,
feature_count=feature_count,
distance=int(distance),
elapsed_time=int(elapsed_time))
def RouteChat(self, request_iterator, context):
prev_notes = []
for new_note in request_iterator:
for prev_note in prev_notes:
if prev_note.location == new_note.location:
yield prev_note
prev_notes.append(new_note)
def serve():
server = grpc.server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10))
route_guide_pb2_grpc.add_RouteGuideServicer_to_server(
RouteGuideServicer(), server)
server.add_insecure_port('[::]:50051')
server.start()
server.wait_for_termination()
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig()
serve()
client
客户端方式多种多样,使用 grpcurl
、postman 图形化客户端
等等,导入 .proto
文件即可
"""The Python implementation of the gRPC route guide client."""
from __future__ import print_function
import logging
import random
import grpc
import route_guide_pb2
import route_guide_pb2_grpc
import route_guide_resources
def make_route_note(message, latitude, longitude):
return route_guide_pb2.RouteNote(
message=message,
location=route_guide_pb2.Point(latitude=latitude, longitude=longitude))
def guide_get_one_feature(stub, point):
feature = stub.GetFeature(point)
if not feature.location:
print("Server returned incomplete feature")
return
if feature.name:
print("Feature called %s at %s" % (feature.name, feature.location))
else:
print("Found no feature at %s" % feature.location)
def guide_get_feature(stub):
guide_get_one_feature(
stub, route_guide_pb2.Point(latitude=409146138, longitude=-746188906))
guide_get_one_feature(stub, route_guide_pb2.Point(latitude=0, longitude=0))
def guide_list_features(stub):
rectangle = route_guide_pb2.Rectangle(
lo=route_guide_pb2.Point(latitude=400000000, longitude=-750000000),
hi=route_guide_pb2.Point(latitude=420000000, longitude=-730000000))
print("Looking for features between 40, -75 and 42, -73")
features = stub.ListFeatures(rectangle)
for feature in features:
print("Feature called %s at %s" % (feature.name, feature.location))
def generate_route(feature_list):
for _ in range(0, 10):
random_feature = feature_list[random.randint(0, len(feature_list) - 1)]
print("Visiting point %s" % random_feature.location)
yield random_feature.location
def guide_record_route(stub):
feature_list = route_guide_resources.read_route_guide_database()
route_iterator = generate_route(feature_list)
route_summary = stub.RecordRoute(route_iterator)
print("Finished trip with %s points" % route_summary.point_count)
print("Passed %s features" % route_summary.feature_count)
print("Travelled %s meters" % route_summary.distance)
print("It took %s seconds" % route_summary.elapsed_time)
def generate_messages():
messages = [
make_route_note("First message", 0, 0),
make_route_note("Second message", 0, 1),
make_route_note("Third message", 1, 0),
make_route_note("Fourth message", 0, 0),
make_route_note("Fifth message", 1, 0),
]
for msg in messages:
print("Sending %s at %s" % (msg.message, msg.location))
yield msg
def guide_route_chat(stub):
responses = stub.RouteChat(generate_messages())
for response in responses:
print("Received message %s at %s" %
(response.message, response.location))
def run():
# NOTE(gRPC Python Team): .close() is possible on a channel and should be
# used in circumstances in which the with statement does not fit the needs
# of the code.
with grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:50051') as channel:
stub = route_guide_pb2_grpc.RouteGuideStub(channel)
print("-------------- GetFeature --------------")
guide_get_feature(stub)
print("-------------- ListFeatures --------------")
guide_list_features(stub)
print("-------------- RecordRoute --------------")
guide_record_route(stub)
print("-------------- RouteChat --------------")
guide_route_chat(stub)
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig()
run()
可以发现对于流式处理 gRPC 是通过迭代器实现,对于要返回的信息用的是 yield
关键字而不是 return
Go
安装 protoc 编译器及 go 插件
- Protocol buffer compiler 下载后最好放到自己的 PATH 下
- 安装 plugins,有两个
$ go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@v1.28
$ go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@v1.2
生成 gRPC 代码
$ protoc --go_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative --go-grpc_out=. --go-grpc_opt=paths=source_relative route_guide.proto
和生成 python 代码类似,生成了两个 .go
代码文件
- route_guide.pb.go
- route_guide_grpc.pb.go
内容根上方生成的 python 代码类似。一个包含消息,一个是和 gRPC 服务客户端、服务端有关。
server
// Package main implements a simple gRPC server that demonstrates how to use gRPC-Go libraries
// to perform unary, client streaming, server streaming and full duplex RPCs.
//
// It implements the route guide service whose definition can be found in routeguide/route_guide.proto.
package main
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"flag"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
"math"
"net"
"sync"
"time"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
"google.golang.org/grpc/examples/data"
"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
pb "google.golang.org/grpc/examples/route_guide/routeguide"
)
var (
tls = flag.Bool("tls", false, "Connection uses TLS if true, else plain TCP")
certFile = flag.String("cert_file", "","The TLS cert file")
keyFile = flag.String("key_file", "","The TLS key file")
jsonDBFile = flag.String("json_db_file", "","A json file containing a list of features")
port = flag.Int("port", 50051, "The server port")
)
type routeGuideServer struct {
pb.UnimplementedRouteGuideServer
savedFeatures []*pb.Feature // read-only after initialized
mu sync.Mutex // protects routeNotes
routeNotes map[string][]*pb.RouteNote
}
// GetFeature returns the feature at the given point.
func (s *routeGuideServer) GetFeature(ctx context.Context, point *pb.Point) (*pb.Feature, error) {
for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {
if proto.Equal(feature.Location, point) {
return feature, nil
}
}
// No feature was found, return an unnamed feature
return &pb.Feature{Location: point}, nil
}
// ListFeatures lists all features contained within the given bounding Rectangle.
func (s *routeGuideServer) ListFeatures(rect *pb.Rectangle, stream pb.RouteGuide_ListFeaturesServer) error {
for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {
if inRange(feature.Location, rect) {
if err := stream.Send(feature); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
// RecordRoute records a route composited of a sequence of points.
//
// It gets a stream of points, and responds with statistics about the "trip":
// number of points, number of known features visited, total distance traveled, and
// total time spent.
func (s *routeGuideServer) RecordRoute(stream pb.RouteGuide_RecordRouteServer) error {
var pointCount, featureCount, distance int32
var lastPoint *pb.Point
startTime := time.Now()
for {
point, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
endTime := time.Now()
return stream.SendAndClose(&pb.RouteSummary{
PointCount: pointCount,
FeatureCount: featureCount,
Distance: distance,
ElapsedTime: int32(endTime.Sub(startTime).Seconds()),
})
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
pointCount++
for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {
if proto.Equal(feature.Location, point) {
featureCount++
}
}
if lastPoint != nil {
distance += calcDistance(lastPoint, point)
}
lastPoint = point
}
}
// RouteChat receives a stream of message/location pairs, and responds with a stream of all
// previous messages at each of those locations.
func (s *routeGuideServer) RouteChat(stream pb.RouteGuide_RouteChatServer) error {
for {
in, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
return nil
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
key := serialize(in.Location)
s.mu.Lock()
s.routeNotes[key] = append(s.routeNotes[key], in)
// Note: this copy prevents blocking other clients while serving this one.
// We don't need to do a deep copy, because elements in the slice are
// insert-only and never modified.
rn := make([]*pb.RouteNote, len(s.routeNotes[key]))
copy(rn, s.routeNotes[key])
s.mu.Unlock()
for _, note := range rn {
if err := stream.Send(note); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
}
// loadFeatures loads features from a JSON file.
func (s *routeGuideServer) loadFeatures(filePath string) {
var data []byte
if filePath != "" {
var err error
data, err = ioutil.ReadFile(filePath)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to load default features: %v", err)
}
} else {
data = exampleData
}
if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s.savedFeatures); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to load default features: %v", err)
}
}
func toRadians(num float64) float64 {
return num * math.Pi / float64(180)
}
// calcDistance calculates the distance between two points using the "haversine" formula.
// The formula is based on http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/51879.html.
func calcDistance(p1 *pb.Point, p2 *pb.Point) int32 {
const CordFactor float64 = 1e7
const R = float64(6371000) // earth radius in metres
lat1 := toRadians(float64(p1.Latitude) / CordFactor)
lat2 := toRadians(float64(p2.Latitude) / CordFactor)
lng1 := toRadians(float64(p1.Longitude) / CordFactor)
lng2 := toRadians(float64(p2.Longitude) / CordFactor)
dlat := lat2 - lat1
dlng := lng2 - lng1
a := math.Sin(dlat/2)*math.Sin(dlat/2) +
math.Cos(lat1)*math.Cos(lat2)*
math.Sin(dlng/2)*math.Sin(dlng/2)
c := 2 * math.Atan2(math.Sqrt(a), math.Sqrt(1-a))
distance := R * c
return int32(distance)
}
func inRange(point *pb.Point, rect *pb.Rectangle) bool {
left := math.Min(float64(rect.Lo.Longitude), float64(rect.Hi.Longitude))
right := math.Max(float64(rect.Lo.Longitude), float64(rect.Hi.Longitude))
top := math.Max(float64(rect.Lo.Latitude), float64(rect.Hi.Latitude))
bottom := math.Min(float64(rect.Lo.Latitude), float64(rect.Hi.Latitude))
if float64(point.Longitude) >= left &&
float64(point.Longitude) <= right &&
float64(point.Latitude) >= bottom &&
float64(point.Latitude) <= top {
return true
}
return false
}
func serialize(point *pb.Point) string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", point.Latitude, point.Longitude)
}
func newServer() *routeGuideServer {
s := &routeGuideServer{routeNotes: make(map[string][]*pb.RouteNote)}
s.loadFeatures(*jsonDBFile)
return s
}
func main() {
flag.Parse()
lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", *port))
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
}
var opts []grpc.ServerOption
if *tls {
if *certFile == "" {
*certFile = data.Path("x509/server_cert.pem")
}
if *keyFile == "" {
*keyFile = data.Path("x509/server_key.pem")
}
creds, err := credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile(*certFile, *keyFile)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to generate credentials %v", err)
}
opts = []grpc.ServerOption{grpc.Creds(creds)}
}
grpcServer := grpc.NewServer(opts...)
pb.RegisterRouteGuideServer(grpcServer, newServer())
grpcServer.Serve(lis)
}
// exampleData is a copy of testdata/route_guide_db.json. It's to avoid
// specifying file path with `go run`.
var exampleData = []byte(`[{
"location": {
"latitude": 407838351,
"longitude": -746143763
},
"name": "Patriots Path, Mendham, NJ 07945, USA"
})
client
// Package main implements a simple gRPC client that demonstrates how to use gRPC-Go libraries
// to perform unary, client streaming, server streaming and full duplex RPCs.
//
// It interacts with the route guide service whose definition can be found in routeguide/route_guide.proto.
package main
import (
"context"
"flag"
"io"
"log"
"math/rand"
"time"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
"google.golang.org/grpc/examples/data"
pb "google.golang.org/grpc/examples/route_guide/routeguide"
)
var (
tls = flag.Bool("tls", false, "Connection uses TLS if true, else plain TCP")
caFile = flag.String("ca_file", "","The file containing the CA root cert file")
serverAddr = flag.String("addr", "localhost:50051", "The server address in the format of host:port")
serverHostOverride = flag.String("server_host_override", "x.test.example.com", "The server name used to verify the hostname returned by the TLS handshake")
)
// printFeature gets the feature for the given point.
func printFeature(client pb.RouteGuideClient, point *pb.Point) {
log.Printf("Getting feature for point (%d, %d)", point.Latitude, point.Longitude)
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
feature, err := client.GetFeature(ctx, point)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.GetFeature failed: %v", err)
}
log.Println(feature)
}
// printFeatures lists all the features within the given bounding Rectangle.
func printFeatures(client pb.RouteGuideClient, rect *pb.Rectangle) {
log.Printf("Looking for features within %v", rect)
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
stream, err := client.ListFeatures(ctx, rect)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.ListFeatures failed: %v", err)
}
for {
feature, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.ListFeatures failed: %v", err)
}
log.Printf("Feature: name: %q, point:(%v, %v)", feature.GetName(),
feature.GetLocation().GetLatitude(), feature.GetLocation().GetLongitude())
}
}
// runRecordRoute sends a sequence of points to server and expects to get a RouteSummary from server.
func runRecordRoute(client pb.RouteGuideClient) {
// Create a random number of random points
r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
pointCount := int(r.Int31n(100)) + 2 // Traverse at least two points
var points []*pb.Point
for i := 0; i < pointCount; i++ {
points = append(points, randomPoint(r))
}
log.Printf("Traversing %d points.", len(points))
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
stream, err := client.RecordRoute(ctx)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RecordRoute failed: %v", err)
}
for _, point := range points {
if err := stream.Send(point); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RecordRoute: stream.Send(%v) failed: %v", point, err)
}
}
reply, err := stream.CloseAndRecv()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RecordRoute failed: %v", err)
}
log.Printf("Route summary: %v", reply)
}
// runRouteChat receives a sequence of route notes, while sending notes for various locations.
func runRouteChat(client pb.RouteGuideClient) {
notes := []*pb.RouteNote{
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 1}, Message: "First message"},
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 2}, Message: "Second message"},
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 3}, Message: "Third message"},
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 1}, Message: "Fourth message"},
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 2}, Message: "Fifth message"},
{Location: &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 3}, Message: "Sixth message"},
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
stream, err := client.RouteChat(ctx)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RouteChat failed: %v", err)
}
waitc := make(chan struct{})
go func() {
for {
in, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
// read done.
close(waitc)
return
}
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RouteChat failed: %v", err)
}
log.Printf("Got message %s at point(%d, %d)", in.Message, in.Location.Latitude, in.Location.Longitude)
}
}()
for _, note := range notes {
if err := stream.Send(note); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("client.RouteChat: stream.Send(%v) failed: %v", note, err)
}
}
stream.CloseSend()
<-waitc
}
func randomPoint(r *rand.Rand) *pb.Point {
lat := (r.Int31n(180) - 90) * 1e7
long := (r.Int31n(360) - 180) * 1e7
return &pb.Point{Latitude: lat, Longitude: long}
}
func main() {
flag.Parse()
var opts []grpc.DialOption
if *tls {
if *caFile == "" {
*caFile = data.Path("x509/ca_cert.pem")
}
creds, err := credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile(*caFile, *serverHostOverride)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to create TLS credentials %v", err)
}
opts = append(opts, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds))
} else {
opts = append(opts, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
}
conn, err := grpc.Dial(*serverAddr, opts...)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("fail to dial: %v", err)
}
defer conn.Close()
client := pb.NewRouteGuideClient(conn)
// Looking for a valid feature
printFeature(client, &pb.Point{Latitude: 409146138, Longitude: -746188906})
// Feature missing.
printFeature(client, &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 0})
// Looking for features between 40, -75 and 42, -73.
printFeatures(client, &pb.Rectangle{
Lo: &pb.Point{Latitude: 400000000, Longitude: -400000000},
Hi: &pb.Point{Latitude: 420000000, Longitude: -730000000},
})
// RecordRoute
runRecordRoute(client)
// RouteChat
runRouteChat(client)
}
当然后续补充 metadata、gRPC 的配置加密或认证等